Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a fantastic opportunity for international students in the U.S. to gain valuable work experience. For F-1 visa students, OPT opens doors to employment that aligns with their field of study. Whether you're just starting your academic journey or nearing graduation, understanding how OPT works is vital to shaping your career goals.
However, not many of the international students currently preparing for their dream study in the USA aware about it. So, we wrote up this article to give you an overall idea of what OPT is and How to use it to make your Study in USA experience as best and fruitful as possible.
What is Optional Practical Training (OPT)?
Optional Practical Training, commonly known as OPT, is a temporary work authorization for F-1 students. It allows international students to work in the United States to gain practical experience in their field of study. Students can work for up to 12 months during or after completing their academic program. By enabling hands-on learning, OPT bridges the gap between theory and practice and helps students prepare for their professional future.
For more details about OPT qualifications and benefits, see the information on the USCIS official website.
Eligibility Requirements
Not every international student can apply for OPT. Here’s what you need to qualify:
F-1 Status: You must have a valid F-1 visa and have maintained status.
Full-Time Enrollment: You need to be enrolled in a full-time academic program for at least one academic year.
Job Relevance: The employment must be directly related to your field of study.
Unused Curricular Practical Training (CPT): If you've been authorized for CPT for 12 or more months full-time, you may not be eligible.
Types of OPT
OPT is divided into two main categories:
Pre-completion OPT: For students who want to work while still enrolled in school. This allows part-time work (up to 20 hours per week) during the academic session and full-time during vacation.
Post-completion OPT: For students who have completed their degree program. Post-completion OPT can be a critical step to gaining industry experience.
The Application Process for OPT
Getting approved for OPT involves following specific steps and timelines. Applying early and staying organized makes a big difference.
Form I-765: Application for Employment Authorization
To begin, students must file Form I-765 with the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). This form is critical, as it’s the official application for OPT work authorization. You'll need to provide your personal information, academic details, and supporting documentation—including an updated Form I-20 with a recommendation for OPT from your Designated School Official (DSO).
Timeline for Application
Timing is everything when filing for OPT. You can apply up to 90 days before completing your academic program and no later than 60 days after graduation. USCIS typically takes 90 days or more to process applications, so it's critical to plan ahead.
Want a step-by-step breakdown on Studying in the USA? Explore this detailed blog on application process for complete guidance.
Working on OPT
Once your OPT application is approved, you’re ready to start working. But there are a few things to consider to stay compliant and maximize your experience.
Finding Jobs
Finding the right job is often the first challenge. Begin with networking through professors, classmates, and career fairs. Leverage online platforms like LinkedIn and job boards that specialize in your industry. Remember, OPT jobs must directly relate to your field of study. If you're an engineering graduate, for instance, a role as a software developer aligns with your study area, but unrelated positions like retail clerk do not.
Maintaining OPT Status
To maintain your OPT status:
Work Full-Time: You should work a minimum of 20 hours per week in your field of study.
Update SEVIS: Notify your DSO about employment details within 10 days of starting a job.
Avoid Unemployment Gaps: You’re allowed no more than 90 days of unemployment during post-completion OPT.
Check out FWD.us for tips on how OPT helps international students contribute to the U.S. workforce.
To Sum Up
Optional Practical Training is more than just a work permit; it’s a pathway to professional growth and industry exposure. With proper planning, meeting deadlines, and staying compliant, OPT can help international students make a meaningful transition from academics to a professional career. So if you’re an F-1 student, don’t overlook this opportunity. Use OPT as a stepping stone to achieve your career aspirations in the U.S.
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